Closed-end funds are currently trading at a discount as equity markets have dropped. Here’s where to spot opportunities.
The Dow Jones Industrial Average just closed out its worst first quarter on record, after a dropping 23% since the start of the year1. The selloff has disproportionately affected equities relative to bonds, potentially resulting in an overweight to bonds in investor portfolios – and potential bargains for value investors.
We believe investors should consider rebalancing back to their strategic equity allocations. As you look to re-allocate to equities, today’s post focuses on equity closed-end funds (“CEFs”) and seeks to differentiate between what we believe are “value opportunities” and “value traps”.
Focusing on the long term
CEFs effectively have two values for investors to evaluate. One is fund’s net asset value (“NAV”), or the aggregated value of its underlying holdings. The other the market price of the CEF itself as it’s traded on the exchange. In the recent equity decline, CEF market prices have generally fallen more than their respective NAV’s as investors sought to de-risk their portfolios. We believe this presents a unique entry point for long-term investors to buy equity securities at a “discount” to their current market value and be well positioned when markets recover with time.
Additionally, our research shows that CEF discounts tend to mean-revert to historical averages (exhibit 1).
Avoiding value traps
Not all discounts are created equal, however. CEFs can trade at premiums or discounts for a number of reasons, including market and investor sentiment and fund-specific characteristics such as performance and distribution rate. It’s essential to focus on a CEFs historical premium or discount over various periods and factor in specific catalysts that may cause a fund’s valuation to re-rate.
One useful tool to weed out potential “value traps” is the z-stat which looks at how a fund’s discount has traded over a period time and adjusts for volatility. In simple terms, the more negative the z-stat, the greater the potential value relative to the fund’s historical trading range. Fortunately, the data are easily accessible. The z-stat for any CEF can be found on cefconnect.comunder “Pricing Information” on the individual fund pages.
Monetizing total return
Many equity CEFs, including all of BlackRock’s CEF equity products, use a managed distribution plan, in which the fund sponsor aligns the fund’s distribution rate with the long-term expected total return of the portfolio. A large portion of the distribution will be funded through capital appreciation (realized or unrealized capital gains), essentially “monetizing” total return in the form of a monthly distribution to investors. This allows equity CEFs to potentially pay out more than their ETF or mutual fund counterparts. The median annual distribution rate for equity CEFs is 9.2%, compared to 2.5% for equity ETFs and 2.0% for equity mutual funds, according to Morningstar.
Invest in tomorrow’s potential winners
As you reallocate to equities, consider building an all-weather portfolio by focusing on higher-quality companies that can participate in bull markets and potentially deliver greater resilience when stock prices decline:
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High quality: High-quality companies tend to have strong balance sheets (e.g., low levels of debt), good earnings trends, and ample cash flow above ongoing business needs. These elements can provide companies with flexibility during periods of economic uncertainty and help them to endure and adapt to changing operating environments.
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Dividend growers: Dividend growers possess many of the quality characteristics noted above, as earnings growth and free cash flow are the fuel for increasing dividend payments over time. Importantly, these companies have demonstrated a history of outperformance versus non-dividend payers and the broader U.S. equity market (exhibit 3).
Below are some BlackRock CEFs with these themes:
Source: BlackRock as of 3/31/20. Distribution rate is calculated by annualizing the latest declared distribution and dividing by market price return as of 3/31/20.
Investors may also with to be opportunistic in the current environment, by establishing positions in market themes underpinned by long-term structural trends, including:
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Healthcare: Healthcare is supported by a number of long-term secular growth drivers. Aging demographics and increased life spans should mean increased healthcare spending in the years to come. Innovation is happening across the industry, in areas such as drug development, digital technology and data science. Emerging market countries will increase their health care spending as their economies grow. All these factors should support long term growth in the sector.
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Technology: Technology has long been a driver of growth in investors’ portfolios. While technology stands alone as a sector, it permeates companies throughout the equity market. The use of technology is reshaping industries across the globe, creating unique growth opportunities, creating a strong structural backdrop for long-term growth in the sector.
Below are some BlackRock CEFs with these themes:
Source: BlackRock as of 3/31/20. Distribution rate is calculated by annualizing the latest declared distribution and dividing by market price return as of 3/31/20.
1. as of 3/31/20
This material is for informational purposes only and is not intended to be relied upon as research or investment or tax advice, and is not a recommendation, offer or solicitation to purchase or sell any securities or to adopt any investment strategy, nor shall any securities be offered or sold to any person in any jurisdiction in which an offer, solicitation, purchase or sale would be unlawful under the securities laws of such jurisdiction.
Common shares for the BlackRock closed-end funds (the “Funds”) are only available for purchase and sale at current market price on a stock exchange. For more information regarding any of the Funds, please call BlackRock at 800-882-0052 or refer to www.blackrock.com.
Carefully consider the Funds’ investment objectives, risk factors, and charges and expenses before investing. This and other information can be found in the Funds’ prospectuses which may be obtained by visiting the SEC Edgar database. Read the prospectus carefully before investing.
There is no assurance that a Fund will achieve its investment objective. Investing in a Fund involves numerous risks, including investment risks and the possible loss of principal amount invested. The Funds are not complete investment programs and you may lose money investing in a Fund. An investment in a Fund may not be appropriate for all investors.
Performance results reflect past performance and are no guarantee of future results. Current performance may be lower or higher than the performance data quoted. All returns assume reinvestment of all dividends and/or distributions at the price of the Fund on the ex-dividend date. The dividend yield, market value and net asset value of a Fund’s shares will fluctuate with market conditions. Closed-end funds may trade at a premium to NAV but often trade at a discount.
The amounts and sources of Fund distributions reported in any notices to shareholders are only estimates and are not being provided for tax reporting purposes. The actual amounts and sources of the amounts for tax reporting purposes will depend upon a Fund’s investment experience during the remainder of its fiscal year and may be subject to change based on tax regulations. A Fund will send a Form 1099-DIV for the calendar year that will tell shareholders how to report these distributions for federal income tax purposes. Some Funds make distributions of ordinary income and capital gains at calendar year end. Those distributions temporarily cause extraordinarily high yields. There is no assurance that a Fund will repeat that yield in the future. Subsequent monthly distributions that do not include ordinary income or capital gains in the form of dividends will likely be lower.
Some investors may be subject to the alternative minimum tax (AMT).
The Funds are actively managed and their characteristics will vary. Stock and bond values fluctuate in price so the value of your investment can go down depending on market conditions. International investing involves special risks including, but not limited to political risks, currency fluctuations, illiquidity and volatility. These risks may be heightened for investments in emerging markets. Fixed income risks include interest-rate and credit risk. Typically, when interest rates rise, there is a corresponding decline in bond values. Credit risk refers to the possibility that the bond issuer will not be able to make principal and interest payments. Principal of mortgage- or asset-backed securities normally may be prepaid at any time, reducing the yield and market value of those securities. Obligations of U.S. government agencies are supported by varying degrees of credit but generally are not backed by the full faith and credit of the US government. Non-investment-grade debt securities (high-yield/junk bonds) may be subject to greater market fluctuations, risk of default or loss of income and principal than higher rated securities. Investments in emerging markets may be considered speculative and are more likely to experience hyperinflation and currency devaluations, which adversely affect returns. In addition, many emerging securities markets have lower trading volumes and less liquidity. A Fund may use derivatives to hedge its investments or to seek to enhance returns. Derivatives entail risks relating to liquidity, leverage and credit that may reduce returns and increase volatility. Refer to a Fund’s prospectus for more information.
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