US lawmakers from both parties are seeking to boost federal funding for quantum computing as China and other countries race to transition from research to deployment of the nascent technology across defense, intelligence and cybersecurity.
The House later this year is expected to debate defense funding legislation that would increase annual military spending on quantum development and application by 68% to $567 million. A similar effort is underway in the Senate to fund the nascent technology, which researchers believe could provide a range of new capabilities in everything from drug discovery to computing encryption standards.
The congressional moves buttress work within the Trump administration, which in May announced plans to pour more than $2 billion into the industry through direct federal investments. In June, President Donald Trump signed an executive order aimed at advancing quantum research and development and another mandating federal agencies take steps to insulate their IT systems against quantum computer-based cyberattacks.
See more: Quantum Computing Goes Mainstream: What 2 Executive Orders Mean for Investors
Despite a slate of recent technological breakthroughs, investors remain skeptical of the industry’s near-term commercial success, according to Philip Singerman, senior adviser at the Center for Strategic and International Studies.
Shares of leading pure-play quantum companies including D-Wave Quantum Inc., Infleqtion Inc. and Rigetti Computing Inc. have fallen sharply since the start of the year as investor enthusiasm for the technology, which had been hailed by analysts as the next market-defining computing revolution after artificial intelligence, has cooled. Global X’s AI and Technology ETF, which holds a basket of top AI and semiconductor stocks, has risen 20% over the same period.
Another quantum company, College Park, Maryland-based IonQ Inc., last week closed its $1.8 billion acquisition of semiconductor foundry SkyWater Technology Inc. after federal regulators ended their review of the deal without taking any action to stop it. IonQ on Wednesday raised its full-year revenue forecast, and its shares have recouped most of their losses for the year.
Nonetheless, funding quantum has quickly become a political priority as governments line up financing in the race for superiority on a technology that ultimately could pose security threats, breaking the systems that protect banks and government data.
A mix of startups and large firms, including Microsoft Corp. and Alphabet Inc.’s Google, are trying to apply quantum physics to make computers exponentially more powerful than today’s machines. These companies are betting that the nascent field, which uses the rules of subatomic particles to manipulate and transmit information, is getting closer to delivering real-world progress in fields like drug discovery and finance.
There’s also the race against China, which has established a $10 billion National Laboratory for Quantum Information Sciences, while Europe and the UK combined have committed nearly three times as much public money as the US to develop the technology, according to estimates compiled by industry consultancy QBN.
“In China, you see a massive push toward quantum leadership,” said Darío Gil, under secretary for science at the Department of Energy. “That’s the one that I’m most focused on.”
White House Summit
One sign of quantum’s growing political salience in Washington is an uptick in interactions between policymakers and industry insiders, according to Infleqtion Inc. Chief Executive Officer Matt Kinsella. Quantum executives and lobbyists are increasingly engaging with politicians to explain the technology’s complexities and help craft policies that address the industry’s needs.
“When we first started doing this two years ago, we struggled to get meetings with staffers on the Hill,” Kinsella said in an interview. “Now, we’re meeting directly with senators and representatives.”
Indeed, the White House in July hosted a quantum tech summit with industry leaders focused on strengthening domestic supply chains, workforce development and sharing private sector insights.
The event featured a panel of top tech policy officials from the White House, National Science Foundation and Departments of Defense, Energy and Commerce. Also present were executives from leading quantum firms including International Business Machines Corp., PsiQuantum Corp. and Infleqtion.
The four pure-play quantum companies slated to receive Commerce Department grants — Infleqtion, D-Wave, PsiQuantum and Quantinuum Ltd. — have recently doubled their total annual lobbying spending to $2.2 million, according to disclosures.
“When your concern is access — not just your own access, but your competitors’ access — you’re forced to consider and play that game,” said Tad DeHaven, a policy analyst at the libertarian-leaning Cato Institute. “It’s only logical that this environment that the White House has created is going to fuel lobbying.”
Another possible catalyst fueling quantum’s rise to prominence in Washington is the Trump administration’s financial ties to the sector, DeHaven said.
PsiQuantum, which is due to receive $100 million from the Commerce Department, last year raised $1 billion from a group of investors including 1789 Capital, the venture capital firm at which Donald Trump Jr. is a partner. D-Wave, which was allotted an equal sum by Commerce, was taken public in 2022 under Emil Michael, now a top Pentagon official.
White House spokesman Kush Desai said in a statement “the only special interest guiding the Trump administration’s decision-making is the best interest of the American people. Securing and reshoring America’s critical supply chains has been a top priority for President Trump.”
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