Consumer sentiment declined for the second consecutive month, reaching its lowest level since July, according to the preliminary February report for the Michigan Consumer Sentiment Index. The index fell by 3.3 points (-4.6%), dropping to 67.8 from January's final reading of 71.1, and is down 11.8% from a year ago. The latest reading also came in below the forecasted 71.9.
The Michigan Consumer Sentiment Index is a monthly survey of consumer confidence levels in the U.S. with regards to the economy, personal finances, business conditions, and buying conditions, conducted by the University of Michigan. There are two reports released each month; a preliminary report released mid-month and a final report released at the end of the month.
Joanne Hsu, the director of surveys, made the following comments:
Consumer sentiment fell for the second straight month, dropping about 5% to reach its lowest reading since July 2024. The decrease was pervasive, with Republicans, Independents, and Democrats all posting sentiment declines from January, along with consumers across age and wealth groups. Furthermore, all five index components deteriorated this month, led by a 12% slide in buying conditions for durables, in part due to a perception that it may be too late to avoid the negative impact of tariff policy. Expectations for personal finances sank about 6% from last month, again seen across all political affiliations, reaching its lowest value since October 2023. Many consumers appear worried that high inflation will return within the next year. Interviews for this release concluded on February 4.
See the chart below for a long-term perspective on this widely watched indicator. We've highlighted the index's value at the start of each recession and included a callout to the most recent 12 months. At 67.8, the current level is below the index's value at the start of five of the six recessions since its inception.
To put today’s report in historical context, consumer sentiment is currently 19.9% below its average reading of 84.7 (arithmetic mean) and 18.9% below its geometric mean of 83.6, based on data dating back to 1978. The current index level is at the 14th percentile of the 566 monthly data points in this series.
This indicator is somewhat volatile, with an average monthly change of 3.1 points. The latest data shows a 3.3-point decrease from the previous month. To visualize the volatility, here’s a chart with monthly data and a three-month moving average. The bottom half of the chart includes real GDP, which allows us to evaluate the correlation between the Michigan Consumer Sentiment Index and the broader economy.
Each month, the survey results highlight sentiment within each political party. To provide additional context, I’ve included a chart that shows the presidencies over our timeframe. As you can see, sentiment has fluctuated both positively and negatively under both Republican and Democratic administrations.
Michigan Consumer Sentiment Index: Components
The Michigan Consumer Sentiment Index consists of two sub-indexes: the Current Economic Conditions Index (CECI) and the Consumer Expectations Index (CEI). The CECI reflects consumers' views of their current financial situation and the overall economy, while the CEI gauges their outlook for the future.
In February, the CECI stood at 68.7, a 7.2% decline from the previous month and a 13.5% decline from a year ago. This reading was below the forecast of 73.0. The CEI, meanwhile, dropped to 67.3, reflecting a 2.9% decline from the prior month and a 10.5% drop from one year ago. This was also worse than the forecasted 70.0.
Michigan Consumer Sentiment Index: Inflation Expectations
Year-ahead inflation expectations jumped up from 3.3% last month to 4.3% this month, the highest reading since November 2023 and marking two consecutive months of unusually large increases. This is only the fifth time in 14 years we have seen such a large one-month rise (one percentage point or more) in year-ahead inflation expectations. The current reading is now well above the 2.3-3.0% range seen in the two years prior to the pandemic. Long-run inflation expectations ticked up from 3.2% last month to 3.3% this month. Long-run inflation expectations remain elevated relative to the 2.2-2.6% range seen in the two years pre-pandemic.
Other Sentiment Indicators
For an additional perspective on consumer attitudes, see the most recent Conference Board's Consumer Confidence Index. Both indexes gauge consumer attitudes toward the current and future strength of the economy. However, the Consumer Confidence Index is more influenced by employment and labor market conditions while the Michigan Sentiment Index is more focused on household finances and the impact of inflation.
The Conference Board index is the more volatile of the two, but the broad pattern and general trends have been remarkably similar to the Michigan index.
And finally, the prevailing mood of the Michigan survey is also similar to the mood of small business owners, as captured by the NFIB business optimism Index (monthly update here).
The next update to this report will be published on February 21st.
ETFs associated with sentiment include: Consumer Discretionary Select Sector SPDR Fund (XLY).
Read more updates by Jen Nash
