as I have seen in my career”
January 6, 2009
Bruce Berkowitz is the Founder and Managing Member of Fairholme Capital Management and the portfolio manager for the Fairholme Fund (FAIRX), a $6.7 billion fund that he started in 1997. The Fairholme Fund, which has consistently outperformed the S&P 500 since its inception, is one of the top 10 actively managed funds within the Most Popular Mutual Funds in the Advisor Perspectives universe.1 One of the most respected experts on value investing, Mr. Berkowitz is the author of an introduction to a chapter in the 6th edition of Securities Analysis, a textbook on value investing by Graham and Dodd. The chapter is devoted to Graham and Dodd’s concept of the dividend factor, which forms the basis for Mr. Berkowitz’ reliance on free cash flow yield as his key metric for valuation.
We interviewed Mr. Berkowitz on December 24, 2008.
You were recently elected to serve on the Board of one of your portfolio companies, AmeriCredit Financial (ACF), in which you and another investor have a controlling interest. How do you value ACF in run-off mode? As a going concern? You have investments in two levels of ACF's capital structure and are now a director. How do you weigh the advantages of being an activist with the business risk of being an insider?
This is an excellent question and it goes to the key issues behind our investment. We bought ACF because we believed there was significant value in the company through its ability to generate free cash flow. Then we looked at ways in which we could “kill” the company – i.e., what kinds of mistakes or misfortunes could impair our investment. In the case of ACF, we believe that in some of those scenarios – such as in run-off mode – we could get significantly higher value. The tangible book value should start to approximate the liquidation value. But then we look for what is not included in the tangible value, such as the time value of money (e.g., the present value of future insurance premiums) and whether the tangible values are really tangible (e.g., whether their fixed assets are fairly valued on their balance sheet).
In the worst case, we will make some pretty good money.
I look at my Board seat as a way to protect our shareholders’ value. It does not affect my relationships with or ability to invest in any other companies. In fact, it expands my knowledge of related industries, from automobile lending to dealerships to insurance. When the time comes to sell our investment, I will leave the Board. I do not accept any compensation, such as fees or restricted stock grants. Only my travel expenses are reimbursed. I will only stay on the Board to help our shareholders.
1 Advisor Perspectives provides the most popular mutual funds based on assets under management within a universe of approximately $50 billion of assets managed by registered investment advisors. This list includes both ETFs and actively managed funds, and is updated weekly. At the time this article was written, FAIRX was the 10th most popular actively managed large cap fund, and the 26th most popular large cap fund including ETFs.
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